Kawasaki ZX-6R

The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R is a Kawasaki middleweight sport bike. It was introduced in 1995 and has been constantly updated throughout the years in response to new products from Honda, Suzuki, and Yamaha. The ZX series is what was known as the Ninja line of Kawasaki motorcycles in the 1980s and still carries the moniker in North America today.

When Kawasaki introduced the ZX-6R in 1995, it was the first middleweight sport bike, since the 1992 GSXR600 with an aluminum frame. It had a dry weight of 401.2 lb (182.0 kg), wet weight of 454 lb (206 kg), and was capable of accelerating 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in only 3.6 seconds.

1997 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
With competition from Honda's CBR600F4i, Suzuki's GSX-R600, and Yamaha's YZF-R6 getting more aggressive, Kawasaki decided to make an unusual move for the 2002 model year. They increased the capacity of the traditional 600 cc (37 cu in) motor to 636 cc (38.8 cu in). For riders who needed bikes for displacement-restricted racing, Kawasaki also made available a limited production 599 cc (36.6 cu in) version called the Ninja ZX-6RR, but the 636 cc (38.8 cu in) ZX-6R would be their main mass production middleweight sport bike.

2002 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
2003 brought many new changes to the ZX-6R, or ZX636 as it is often referred. The engine was now fuel injected and engine speed was raised around 500 rpm which resulted in a slight gain in power. Radial-mounted 4-piston brakes replaced the previous 6-piston brakes and the front forks were now inverted. Chassis improvements resulted in higher rigidity and less weight. An all digital instrument panel was also introduced and a larger ram air inlet moved to the center over the headlight, running through the headstock. The bike carried over to the 2004 model year with just color scheme changes. The ZX-6RR won the Supersport category award for Masterbike 2004 and placed 3rd overall. MSRP for the 2003/2004 models was $7999 USD.

2005 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
In 2005, Kawasaki again revamped the ZX-6R. Engine speed increased again by 1,000 rpm resulting in 105 hp (78 kW) at 12,250 rpm. The frame and swingarm were updated, but the main changes from its predecessor lay in the design. The aluminum frame was now painted flat black, fairings were more round, and integrated turn signals were used (euro model). The exhaust was now centrically under the seat (a configuration commonly referred to as an undertail exhaust). Most of these changes were mirrored in the 599 cc ZX-6RR. For the second year in a row, the ZX-6RR again won the Supersport category award for Masterbike 2005 and placed 3rd overall. The bike carried over to the 2006 model year with minor suspension changes and new color schemes. The 2005/2006 ZX-6Rs had an increased MSRP of $8,699 USD.


2007 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
After four years of offering their 636 cc ZX-6R for street use and an entirely separate 599 cc ZX-6RR for displacement-restricted racing classes, Kawasaki offers only one ZX-6R for 2007, and it displaces 599 cc. Previous years of the ZX-6R's engines were all built from the same basic design, but the all-new engine for 2007 was redesigned from the crankcase up. In following with what their competitors had already been doing, Kawasaki's new engine features a stacked gear arrangement in which the crankshaft, primary drive and countershaft are placed in a triangular format for a shorter, more compact powerplant. It's now about 40 mm smaller in both length and width, said to yield greater cornering clearance. By using a former 125 cc Grand Prix racer as the ZX-6R’s chief development rider, Tomomi Manako, Kawasaki claims a focus has been put on track usage. Frame, swingarm, suspension, brakes, and body are completely redesigned and the bike shares very few parts from the previous model. MSRP was increased to $8,999 USD and the ZX-6R expected to carry over to the 2008 model year with just color scheme changes.

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R

The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R is Kawasaki's follow-up to the ZX-9R sport bike. It was originally released in 2004 with minor revisions in 2005, it combines ultra-narrow chassis, low weight, radial brakes, and strong engine make it a very competitive package for its Japanese rivals: Suzuki's GSX-R 1000, Honda's CBR1000RR and Yamaha Motor Company's R1. In 2004 and 2005 the ZX-10R won Best Superbike from Cycle World magazine and the prestigious international Masterbike competition. It is known to be the most 'hard edged' or race oriented out of the Japanese one-liter inline four cylinder motorcycles, with relatively quick steering and a ferocious powerband.
A complete overhaul to the ZX-10R in 2006 sees the most comprehensive round of changes since the bike was introduced.
The 2008 model has an MSRP of USD $11,549.

Engine
Kawasaki engineers utilized a "stack" design for a liquid-cooled, 998 cc inline four-cylinder engine. The crank axis, input shaft and output shaft of the "Ninja" ZX-10R engine are positioned in a triangular layout to reduce engine length, while the high-speed generator is placed behind the cylinder bank to reduce engine width. With a bore and stroke of 76 x 55 mm, the ZX-10R engine's one-piece cylinder and crankcase assembly reduces weight and increases rigidity. The DOHC are machined from chromoly steel billet for strength, four valves per cylinder improve high-rpm breathing, and the forged, lightweight pistons offer high heat resistance to further enhance the bike's power-to-weight ratio.

Cooling System
In addition to liquid cooling, the ZX-10R engine features an oil cooler adjacent to the oil filter to reduce oil temperatures. "Slosh" analysis was also used to design the internal structure of the oil pan, thereby reducing windage losses and helping to maintain low oil temperatures. The radiator is provided by Denso and helps reduce weight.

Clutch
A multi-plate wet clutch with a back torque limiter transfers power to a six-speed, close-ratio transmission ideal for closed-course competition. The back-torque limiter automatically disengages the clutch under hard braking and deceleration to prevent rear wheel hop during corner entry, commonly known as "backing it in" (looks good when done correctly). This also ensures complete control under hard braking.

Wheels
A new six spoke wheel design is claimed to be almost as light as special purpose race wheels. The sidewall profile of the rear tire has been increased from 190/50/ZR17 to 190/55/ZR17.


The 2006 ZX1000D6F model carried over to the 2007 model year, with only color scheme changes. The most noticeable difference between 2006 and 2007, is that the heat-shields on the exhaust pipes are black on the '07 ZX10R, and '06 came with silver ones. The ZX-10R is expected to be all new for the 2008 model year.

Specifications
Engine Type: 4-Stroke, 4-Cylinder, Liquid-Cooled, DOHC, 4 Valve Cylinder Head
Displacement: 998 cc
Bore & Stroke 76.0 x 55.0 mm
Maximum Torque: 84.6 ft·lbf @9500 rpm
Compression Ratio: 12.7:1
Fuel Injection: DFI with Mikuni 43 mm Throttle Bodies (4)
Ignition: TCBI with Digital Advance
Transmission: 6-Speed
Final Drive: X-Ring Chain
Rake/Trail: 24 degrees/4.0 in.
Front Wheel Travel: 4.7 in
Rear Wheel Travel: 4.9 in.
Front Tire Size: 120/70 ZR17
Rear Tire Size: 190/55 ZR17
Wheelbase: 54.7
Front Suspension: 43 mm Inverted Cartridge Fork with Adjustable
Preload, Stepless Rebound and Compression Damping
Rear Suspension: Uni-Trak with Adjustable Preload, Stepless
Rebound and Compression Damping, Ride Height
Front Brake Type: Dual Floating 300 mm Petal Discs with
4-Piston Radial-Mount Calipers
Rear Brake Type: Single 220 mm Petal Disc
Fuel Tank Capacity: 4.5 gal
Seat Height: 32.5
Dry Weight: 386 pounds (175 kilograms)
Color: Lime Green/Flat Sonic Black, Ebony, Pearl Solar Yellow, Hydro Blue

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

Kawasaki Ninja 250R

The Kawasaki Ninja 250R is a street motorcycle sold by the Kawasaki Motors division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries since 1983. It is Kawasaki's best-selling motorcycle, experiencing steady double-digit sales growth year after year. It is renowned for its light handling, good fuel economy, sufficient power, and relatively comfortable riding posture, making it a desirable first motorcycle for new riders, and a popular machine with experienced riders who seek a second machine, or wish to enter the sportbike category. The smallest Ninja has undergone few changes throughout its quarter-century existence, having seen only two substantial redesigns.

Nomenclature
Owners and fans of the motorcycle commonly refer to it by its platform designation, EX250. This designation is followed by an alphabetical suffix indicating the generation. Before the 2008 model, the motorcycle carried different marketing names worldwide/ The 2008 (EX250-J) model is known as the Ninja 250R in all markets. In the United States, previous generations (EX-250E/F/G/H) were also marketed as members of the "Ninja" family of sportbikes, while outside the U.S. it is known as the ZZR-250, ZX-250, or as the GPX-250R. Past models (EX250-C) have carried the base designation GPZ-250. As the smallest of the Ninja motorcycles, the Ninja 250R has received the affectionate nickname "Ninjette" or "Baby Ninja".

Description and features
In many respects, including ergonomics, chassis design, engine placement within the frame, the Ninja 250R straddles standard and sport classes. Likewise, the bike's riding position falls between standard and sport. Capable of running the 1/4 mile in 14.6 seconds at 88mph, the bike's features include bungee hooks, center stand (no longer available on the 2008 model), a tachometer, and front and rear disc brakes. The bike has been heavily updated for 2008 with completely redesigned fairings and 17" wheels. As of 2007, the 250R is being produced in Thailand. Kawasaki has marketed the Ninja 250R since 1986 as an entry-level. The Ninja 250 has little direct competition within its class in the United States, partly due to it being one of the two 250 cc sport bikes sold. In Canada, Honda's 2007 introduction of the CBR125R has caused competition for Kawasaki's share in the entry-level sport bike market. The other main competitors are the other 250 cc "beginner bikes," namely the Hyosung GT250R, Honda's Rebel 250 and Nighthawk 250, the Suzuki GZ250, and the Yamaha Virago 250. With the exception of the Nighthawk, (a standard) and the Hyosung, these bikes are all cruisers.
Before the 2008 model, neither the Ninja nor these other US 250's had changed much in recent years, but outside the United States there were many advances in small-displacement, lightweight, and/or low-cost motorcycles, including several four-cylinder, sixteen-valve 250s (e.g., the Honda "Hornet" 250 or Ninja ZX-2R). That being said, the Ninja 250 enjoys a modest following among riders who appreciate its light weight and nimble handling as an amusing "track bike." The very fact that it hasn't changed much since 1988 means parts are plentiful and inexpensive, and the rider community is well established.

First generation
EX250-C - Also known as the GPZ-250. This earliest, belt-driven version was first produced in 1983, and has nothing in common with the latest generation.

Second generation
EX250-E - This model was sold as the Ninja 250R in Canada and the U.S. between 1986 and 1987. It was known as the GPZ-250R elsewhere. The engine from this model persisted until 2007 with minimal changes.

Third generation
EX250-F - The most widespread version of the motorcycle, it was sold between 1988 and 2007 in the U.S.. Canada received the model between 1988 and 1999, and it was available elsewhere as the GPX-250R as early as 1987.
EX250-G - Never sold in North America, this version was known as the GPX-250R-II. It sported dual front brakes, which slowed a wider wheel and tire (110/80-16). All other parts where identical to the -F model. It was sold after 1988.
EX250-H - This model came to Canada as the Ninja 250R between 2000 and 2001, after which it received a new name: ZZR-250, in line with the -H model's name elsewhere in the world, where it had existed since 1992. This motorcycle has few parts in common with the -F model, though it shares the same engine (with different casings). It sports a lateral aluminum frame, different fairing (designed to make it look sportier), larger (17") wheels, an adjustable rear shock absorber, adjustable brake and clutch levers, a smaller drive sprocket, computer-controlled timing advance, and a revised electrical system.

Fourth generation
In 2008, Kawasaki gave the EX250 its most thorough modernization in many years. The EX250-J model is known as the Ninja 250R worldwide. Kawasaki increased the MSRP by $500 U.S.D., to $3,499 in 2008 and by $1,000 U.S.D. to $3,999 in 2009.
Parts from the third generation are still found on the -J, but its redesigned exterior panels bring the smallest Ninja's appearance out of the '90s and into line with late-2000s sportbikes. The engine and drivetrain retain 30% of the -F model's parts, according to Kawasaki literature. The engine's compression and maximum torque have been lowered to provide 20% better midrange performance, where the motorcycle will spend most of its time. The U.S.-spec -J model uses dual carburetors like the -F model, but the European-spec and Thailand-spec model have a fuel-injection system. The wheels were increased in size to 17", the front suspension was beefed up, and the front brake rotors were replaced with a larger "petal" design. A fuel gauge, a rarity in motorcycles, was added to the instrument cluster, implying an emphasis on attracting new riders.

Motorsports
Since the introduction of the model in 1986, the Ninja 250 has been often used as a "starting class" bike in club racing around the world. The AFM in California has been especially involved with 250 Production racing since the bike was released, including the since faded Honda VTR250.
In 2007 (the last year of the 3rd generation EX250), the Ninja 250 of Hambone Racing, won the Overall Mini Endurance Championship with the Central Motorcycle Roadracing Association (CMRA). Piloted by CMRA longtimers Chuck Ergle and Keith Hertell, this marked the only time a Ninja 250 had ever won a CMRA Mini Endurance Championship.
Starting in 2008, the WSMC will have a class (The Ninja Cup) dedicated to the model.

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

Honda CBR150R

The Honda CBR150R is a 150cc 4-stroke sports bike which is a part of the Honda CBR series manufactured by APHonda. APHonda is a Thai owned, established 1986, company. APHonda is a Honda affiliate company. Built as the successor of the 2-stroke Honda NSR 150, the CBR150R is targeted mainly to Southeast Asia. Officially launched into Malaysian market in December 2007 with two color choices offered, red and blue. Black color is available in other country like Thailand,Japan or Indonesia market.

Features
DOHC 4-valve 150 cc water-cooled engine with balancer shaft.
6-speed return manual transmission
Front and rear(Nissin disk brake) disc brakes.
Key slot cover for better protection against theft (2006 onwards).
Monoshock rear shock absorber.
Secondary Air Supply System (SASS) which delivers extra air to the exhaust system for cleaner emission.
Catalytic converter

Instrument Panel
This bike uses analog instrument panel which consist of fuel meter, speedometer, revolution per minute meter, temperature meter and signal, high beam and gear status light indicator.

Honda CBR1000RR Fireblade

The CBR1000RR (also known as the Fireblade) is a 999 cc (60.9 cu in) liquid-cooled inline four-cylinder Honda sport bike that was introduced in 2004 to replace the CBR954RR

Racing roots
The Honda CBR1000RR was developed by the same team that was behind the Honda RC211V race bike for the MotoGP series. Many of the new technologies introduced in the Honda CBR600RR, a direct descendant of the RC211V, were used in the new CBR1000RR such as a lengthy swingarm, Unit Pro-Link rear suspension, and Dual Stage Fuel Injection System (DSFI).

2004
The Honda CBR1000RR was the successor to the CBR954RR. While evolving the CBR954RR design, few parts were carried over to the CBR1000RR. The compact 998 cc (60.9 cu in) in-line four was a completely fresh design, with unique bore and stroke dimensions, race-inspired cassette-type six-speed gearbox, all-new ECU-controlled ram-air system, dual-stage fuel injection, and center-up exhaust featuring a new computer-controlled butterfly valve. The chassis was likewise all new, including an organic-style aluminum frame composed of Gravity Die-Cast main sections and Fine Die-Cast steering head structure, inverted fork, Unit Pro-Link rear suspension, radial-mounted front brakes, and a centrally-located fuel tank hidden under a faux cover. Additionally, the Honda Electronic Steering Damper (HESD) debuted as an industry first system which drastically improved stability and nearly completely eliminated head shake while automatically adjusting for high and low speed steering effort.
A longer swingarm acted as a longer lever arm in the rear suspension for superior traction under acceleration and more progressive suspension action. Substantially longer than the corresponding unit on the CBR954RR (585 mm (23 in) compared to 551 mm (21.7 in)) the CBR1000RR's 34 mm (1.3 in) longer swingarm made up 41.6 percent of its total wheelbase. The CBR1000RR's wheelbase also increased, measuring 1405 mm (55.3 in); a 5 mm (0.2 in) increase over the 954.
Providing room for a longer swingarm required massive changes to the engine architecture, another reason the CBR1000RR power plant shares nothing with the 954. Shortening the engine compared to the 954 meant rejecting the conventional in-line layout. Instead, engineers positioned the CBR1000RR's crankshaft, main shaft and countershaft in a triangulated configuration, with the countershaft located below the main shaft, dramatically shortening the engine front to back, and moving the swingarm pivot closer to the crankshaft. This configuration was first successfully introduced by Yamaha with the Yamaha YZF-R1 model in 1998 and inspired superbike design in the following years to date.

2004 CBR1000RR
Positioning this compact engine farther forward in the chassis also increased front-end weight bias, an effective method of making high-powered liter bikes less wheelie prone under hard acceleration. This approach, however, also provided very little space between the engine and front wheel for a large radiator. Engineers solved this problem by giving the RR a modest cylinder incline of 28 degrees, and moving the oil filter from its frontal placement on the 954 to the right side of the 1000RR engine. This allowed the RR's center-up exhaust system to tuck closely to the engine, opening the space required for a massive MotoGP-style curved radiator with 40 percent more cooling capacity than the 954's unit, a key to making big horsepower with high durability.
The engine was designed specifically with an eye toward handling as well as horsepower and torque. Since the power plant represents a large percentage of a motorcycle's mass, the engine must be configured to assist the handling process, not hinder it. For decades, Honda has championed the concept of mass centralization, that is, concentrating the component masses as close to the motorcycle's center as possible. The CBR1000RR elevated that concept to a higher plane.
Honda engine designers paid special attention to making the CBR1000RR power plant an extremely compact package to enhance mass centralization and reduce the roll polar moment, while yielding other benefits as well. While some engines employ ever-more oversquare dimensions, Honda employed a relatively modest 75 mm bore with a 56.5 mm (2.2 in) stroke to derive a displacement of 998 mm (39.3 in). This choice yields a remarkably narrow engine fit into a commensurately narrower chassis, all the better for increased mass centralization and improved ground clearance as well.
Other measures taken to enhance mass centralization in the CBR1000RR included positioning the starter motor and drive gear on the right side of the engine, which also created a narrower engine profile for added ground clearance. The 1000RR incorporated a balancer shaft to virtually eliminate secondary engine vibration, and with an eye toward mass centralization it too has been positioned close to the engine's center of gravity. Placing other major masses (fuel and rider) closer to the roll axis resulted in a motorcycle that reacted more quickly and smoothly to control inputs at the handlebars. Like the RC211V and the CBR600RR, the CBR1000RR fuel tank shares space under a faux tank cover with a forward-mounted air box, thanks to the Unit Pro-Link rear suspension system.
The Unit Pro-Link design provided a wealth of benefits. The shock is contained entirely within the swingarm and is positioned lower than in a conventional design. Both contribute to mass centralization, in part by giving the centrally mounted fuel tank room to extend downward. Because the shock is contained within the swingarm and does not require a top mount on the frame, the bulk of the 4.8-gallon tank was positioned down low between the frame rails, close to the centerline of the machine. Two other benefits resulted from the RR's fuel placement; the mass of the fuel load has less effect on handling, thereby facilitating quick directional changes; and, because the fuel tank is shorter, the CBR1000RR rider sits closer to the steering head compared to the 954.
To achieve quicker handling, Honda engineers also lightened as many pieces as possible that are far from the center of mass. That gave rise to the RR's compact Line-Beam headlights, with their high-illumination three-piece reflectors; slim-line LED taillight; single-piston rear brake system that's lighter than that of the 954; an analog/digital fully electronic instrument panel that's one of the lightest and slimmest ever mounted on a street bike; plus a host of other changes.
The 2004 model carried over to the 2005 model year with only color scheme changes.

2007 Honda CBR1000RR
The 2006 CBR1000RR offered incremental advancements over the earlier model with more power, better handling and less weight. Changes for 2006 include:
New intake and exhaust porting
Higher compression ratio
Revised cam timing
More intake valve lift
Double springs for the intake valves
Higher redline
Larger rear sprocket
New exhaust system
New chassis geometry
Larger 320 mm (12.6 in) front brake discs but thinner at 4.5 mm (0.2 in)
Revised front suspension
Revised rear suspension with new linkage ratios
New lighter swingarm
Revised front fairing design
The 2006 model carried over to the 2007 model year mostly unchanged. The brushed aluminum swingarm was changed to black and the bike is offered in four new color schemes; Black, Red/Black, Satin Silver and Race-Replica Repsol.

2008
An all new CBR1000RR was introduced at the Paris International Motorcycle Show on 28 September, 2007 for the 2008 model year. The CBR1000RR is powered by an all new 999 cc (60.9 cu in) inline-four engine with a redline of 13,000 rpm. It features titanium valves and an enlarged bore with a corresponding reduced stroke. The engine has a completely new cylinder block, head configuration, and crankcase with lighter pistons. A new ECU delivers two separate revised maps sending the fuel and air mixture to be squeezed tight by the 12.3:1 compression ratio. Ram air is fed to an enlarged air box through two revised front scoops located under the headlamps. Honda claims power output to be at least 178 hp (133 kW) beginning at 12,000 rpm.
Honda made a very focused effort to reduce and centralize overall weight. A lighter, narrower die cast frame was formed using a new technique which Honda claims allows for very thin wall construction and only four castings to be welded together. Almost every part of the new bike was reengineered to reduce weight including the sidestand, front brake hoses, brake rotors, battery, and wheels.
In order to improve stability under deceleration, a slipper clutch is now available with a unique center-cam-assist mechanism. The Honda Electronic Steering Damper (HESD) has been revised this year as well. Another significant change is the exhaust system which is no longer a center-up underseat design. The CBR1000RR now features a side slung exhaust in order to increase mass centralization and compactness while mimicking a Moto GP style.

2009
On the 5th of September 2008 Honda released details of the 2009 model. The bike remained the same, in terms of engine, styling and performance. However as a factory fitted optional extra the addition of Combined ABS "C-ABS" has been introduced.

Competition
For the 2008 model year, the CBR1000RR competes with the Suzuki GSXR1000, the Yamaha YZF-R1, the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R, and the Ducati 1098. The CBR1000RR is consistently winning comparison shootouts performed by major and minor motorcycle media publications

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

APRILIA RS-125

The Aprilia RS125 is a GP derived replica sport production motorcycle. It is powered by a single cylinder 2-stroke, Nikasil coated aluminium cylinder block, liquid cooled 124.8 cc Rotax engine.
Aprilia has had many Grand Prix victories in the 125 cc and 250 cc 2-stroke classes. With years of racing experience, Aprilia has released a new version of the RS125 with new looks, performance & styling.
Key features of the new Aprilia RS125 are: New frame technologies that promise superb agility and are much lighter than previous model. Combined with new frame structure and material the frame is a re-creation of the one used on the Aprilia GP125 racing bike. New racing wheels with Y-spoke configuration make the rim lightweight while retaining high strength. They are made from a die cast moulding process which reduces unsprung weight and guarantees rigidity under racing conditions.

Generations

RS125R Extrema 1992 to 1995
Aprilia introduced the first RS125 in 1992. It has the distinctive features of having an angular tail section and swept front fairing, square cut headlight unit, three spoke rims,air scoops on the upper front middle fairing, kick start on the left hand side and analogue gauges.

RS125 1996 to 1998
The RS125 is revised and the R prefix is dropped. The RS retains a lot of the appearances of the previous RS but there are some notable differences. The front air intakes are integrated into the front upper portion of the middle fairing. The headlight unit is rounded and the lip is introduced to the top centre. A digital gauge is added in place of the temperature gauge.

RS125 1999 to 2005
The RS125 is revised again in 1999 with more rounder and bulbous fairings, five spoke rims and a single air duct on the right hand side. The lip on the headlight unit is increased in size.

RS125 2006 onwards
The RS125 was given completely new fairing styling similar to the RSVR. The most notable features are the angular fairings, two headlight units, digital gauge and multispoke rims.

Tuono 1999 to 2005
The RS125 Tuono was introduced in 1999 as a semi naked version of the RS125. Production ran until 2005 and was subsequently dropped from the line-up.
The Tuono was essentially an RS125 with the middle and lower portions of the fairings absent and a handlebar fitted on the top yoke.

Race replica colour schemes
Throughout the history of the RS125, various race replica colour schemes and tributes of various racers have been available, from Haga, Harada, Rossi, Poggali.

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

Harley Davidson Sportster

The Sportster is a line of motorcycles produced continuously since 1957 by the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. Sportster models are designated in Harley-Davidson's product code by beginning with "XL". In 1952, the predecessors to the Sportster, the Model K Sport and Sport Solo motorcycles, were introduced. These models K, KK, KH, and KHK of 1952–1956 are not always considered to be Sportsters, but are definitely the precursors and inspiration for the line. The Sportster became nationally famous in the United States in 1968 with the hit TV series Then Came Bronson, starring Michael Parks.

Construction

A typical 5-gear, foot-shift transmission on an HD Sportster
Sportster motorcycles are powered by 45 degree V-twin engines in which both connecting rods share a common crank pin. The Sportster and the 'Big Twin' side-valve motors, which were: the flathead 74 cubic-inch (1,213 cc) Models U and UH, and the 80 cubic-inch (1,311 cc) Models UL and ULH have four separate cams, sporting one lobe per cam. The OHV 'Big Twins' used a single cam with four lobes until 1999 when the 'Twin Cam' appeared, with two cams and two lobes per cam.
Incidentally, the cam followers used in the Sportsters and the side-valve W Model series were a smaller version of the followers used in the larger motors. The company used the small and large cam followers for decades with no change, from the Teens to the Eighties, probably the longest run for any engine part anywhere, in all Harley motors made those years either one or the other is called out.
Sportsters have transmissions linked to the engine with a triple-row chain primary drive and a multi-plate cable-operated clutch. 1991 and newer models have five speeds; 1990 and earlier models had four speeds.
The Sportster's motor and transmission share the same casing. The engine was mounted directly to the frame until 2004. While this system allows the bike to be somewhat lighter with more precise handling, it also transmits engine vibration directly to the rider. Sportsters released in 2004 and later use rubber isolation mounts and tie links to limit engine movement to a single plane, which greatly reduces vibration felt by the rider. Buell motorcycles built with variants of the Sportster engine have used a rubber mount system since 1987.
The Model K, from which the Sportster evolved, was the first civilian motorcycle produced by Harley-Davidson with hydraulic shock absorbers on both wheels. Common usage calls this a K Model.
The Sportster line of motorcycles has gone through three general stages, identified by the engine model used to power the motorcycles.

Model K series
Model K and KK 1952–1953: 750 cc side-valve engines
Model KR (racing only) 1953–1969: 750 cc side-valve engines
Model KH and KHK 1954–1956: 885 cc side-valve engines

2002 Sportster 883 Custom
XL, Ironhead, 1957–1985: 900 cc and 1000 cc Ironhead overhead-valve engines with cast iron heads
XR750 (racing only)1970–1971: 750 cc overhead-valve engines, iron heads
XR750 (racing only)1972–1985: 750 cc overhead-valve engines, alloy heads
XLCR Sportster (cafe racer)1977–1978: 1000 cc overhead-valve engines, iron heads
XR1000 (racing only)1983–1984: 1000 cc street model using XR racing cylinder head and other XR engine parts.
XLR (racing only): 883 cc overhead-valve engines, iron heads
XL, Evolution (known to many as the "Evo"), 1986–present: 883 cc, 1100 cc and 1200 cc Evolution overhead-valve engine, alloy heads

Significant changes by model year:
2001 883 Sportster Hugger
2007 XR1200 Prototype
1957 "Ironhead" overhead-valve engine introduced.
1972 "Ironhead" 1000 cc overhead-valve engine replaces 900 cc.
1975 Switched to left-side gear change (DOT mandate)
1979 Only year of the sportster that harley produces with dual exhaust as opposed to staggered exhaust.
1985 Last year for the "Ironhead" overhead-valve engine.
1986 "Evolution" engine introduced in 883 cc and 1100 cc sizes.
1988 1200 cc engine replaces 1100 cc engine.
1991 Five-speed transmission replaces four-speed.
1991 Belt drive replaces chain drive on 883 Deluxe and all 1200 models.
1993 Belt drive made standard on all Sportsters.
2004 All-new frame including rubber-mounted engine for decreased vibration. Elimination of the transmission trap door.
2005 Enlarged rear axle to 1" for increased stability.
2006 Helical cut transmission gears in all models reduces gear whine.
2006 New XR1200 is announced at the Intermot in Koln, Germany. The XR1200 is the first Harley-Davidson to utilize Down Draft DDFI II fuel injection. To be released as a late '08 model.
2007 Fuel injection replaces carburetion on all models.

Notable Sportster Models
XLH
2002 Sportster Custom 883
XLCH
XLCR
XR1000
XLH883 Hugger
XL883C and XL1200C Custom -both these models have a 21" front laced and 16" solid disk rear wheels
XL1200S Sport -this Sportster has adjustable suspension, two front disc brakes and hotter cams
Nightster
Introduced in 2007, the XL1200N Nightster includes unique features such as a chopped rear fender, denim paint scheme, front fork gaiters, and a side mount license plate. The riding position and 25.3" seat height of the Nightster are the same as those of the XL883L Sportster Low.

Current models
Currently, the Sportster is offered in 8 models. In 2008, the models are:
883 - XL 883
883 Low - XL 883L
883 Custom - XL 883C
883 R - XL 883R (Brazil)
1200 Nightster - XL 1200N
1200 Low - XL 1200L
1200 Custom - XL 1200C
1200 Roadster - XL 1200R
XR 1200

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

Harley Davidson Super Glide

The Harley-Davidson Super Glide is a motorcycle made by the Harley-Davidson Motor Company. It is reputed to be the first factory custom motorcycle. It originated Harley's FX series of motorcycles.

1971 FX Super Glide
From 1934 to 1970, with the exception of the Servi-Car, there have been two distinct lines of V-Twin Harley-Davidson motorcycles, the small twins and the big twins. However, individual bikers would sometimes customize bikes by changing parts around or cutting and rewelding frames and other components to suit their tastes.
Harley-Davidson styling director Willie G. Davidson was aware of this phenomenon and decided to design a motorcycle for production that would offer the look of the custom bikes. To accomplish this, he started with the frame and rear suspension (but not the electric starter) from the FLH Electra Glide, to which he then mated the smaller telescopic forks from the XLH Sportster. This combination was referred to as the FX chassis, to denote an FL frame with XL forks. The drivetrain and engine accessories were from the FLH, the front headlights and brakes were from the XLH. To complete the Super Glide, he added buckhorn handlebars and a "boattail" tail/fender unit similar to those being used on the XLH Sportster. The production FX Super Glide was released in 1971 to a lukewarm reception. Particularly not well received was the "boattail", which also proved to be unpopular on the Sportsters that had it. Sales of both models improved when less radical rear styling was made available.

Customized Shovelhead FX variant
In 1974, the FX was joined by the FXE, a version of the Super Glide with an electric starter. Both versions also got an exclusive one-piece tank instead of the Fat Bob tank used by the FL.
In 1977, the FXS Low Rider was introduced. The Low Rider had alloy wheels front and rear, two disc brakes on the front wheel, extended forks with a 32° rake, and a 26" seat height. Unlike the Super Glide, the Low Rider was an instant hit; outselling all other Harley-Davidson models in its first full year of production. All three FX models returned to using Fat Bob tanks, but with a special centre divider that included a tachometer. The base, kickstart-only FX was discontinued in 1979. In that year, the FXEF Fat Bob was introduced. The following year would bring the FXB Sturgis, an all-black Low Rider with primary and secondary belt drives, and the FXWG Wide Glide, a Low Rider with wide forks and a flame pattern painted on the tank. In 1983, the Low Rider was converted from chain drive to belt drive and given the designation FXSB, at which point the FXB was discontinued. In the same year, the FXDG Disc Glide was introduced. This model had a disc-type rear wheel instead of the wire-spoked wheel of the Super Glide or the solid-spoked wheel of the Low Rider. The FXE Super Glide was discontinued in 1985, with the FXEF Fat Bob becoming the base model. In 1986, all FX-based bikes except the Wide Glide were supplanted by FXR-based bikes. The Wide Glide was discontinued the following year.

FXR
The FXR Super Glide II was introduced in 1982 and sold alongside the existing FX models. The FXR chassis was essentially an FLT Tour Glide chassis with lighter frame tubes and a more conventional design around the steering head. As such, it offered a rubber-mounted engine and a five-speed transmission, as opposed to the solid mounting and four-speed transmission of the original FX chassis. The FXR range was expanded in 1984 by the introduction of the FXRT Sport Glide, a Super Glide variant with a fairing and saddlebags, and the FXRS Low Glide, which was the FXR equivalent of the FXSB Low Rider. Upon the discontinuation of the corresponding FX-based models, the FXR Super Glide II became the FXR Super Glide and the FXRS Low Glide became the FXRS Low Rider. The Wide Glide was discontinued because the FXR frame was not suitable for the wide forks.

Dyna
Design work began on the replacement for the FXR chassis shortly after the first FXR bikes were offered. The Dyna chassis was introduced in 1991 with a limited-production FXDB Sturgis model. The engine mounting system was more vibration-resistant than that of the FXR.
The Sturgis was followed in 1992 by the limited-edition FXDB Daytona which featured a bobtail fender and unlike the normal rounded steel fender offered in 1992. Also introduced in 1992 was the FXDC Dyna Glide Custom. Apart from the paint scheme, the Dyna Glide Custom was virtually identical to the Daytona. Dyna Customs were all painted black and silver, and the early models featured a silver powder coat on the frame. Later production units featured a black frame. In 1993 the faired and bagged FXRT Sport Glide was discontinued and the FXRS Low Rider was displaced by the FXDL Dyna Low Rider, although the FXRS-Conv Convertible and the FXRS-SP Low Rider Sport continued to be offered. The FXDWG Dyna Wide Glide was introduced in the same year. The Low Rider Sport was discontinued in 1994. Between the 1991 introduction of the Dyna chassis and the end of the 1994 model year, all Dyna models had a 32° rake. In 1995 the FXD Dyna Super Glide and the FXDS-Conv Dyna Glide Convertible were introduced. These Dynas had a 28° rake and replaced the FXR Super Glide and the FXRS-Conv Low Rider Convertible, which were the last FXR models in regular production. The FXD Super Glide, and the FXDL Low Rider have been in production ever since. The FXDX Super Glide Sport was introduced in 1999, featuring improved suspension components and triple disc brakes. The FXDX-T Super Glide T-Sport, with a fork mounted fairing and improved detachable saddlebags, replaced the FXDS-Conv Dyna Convertible in 2001, and was discontinued in 2004

2005 Dyna Super Glide Custom
The FXDC returned to the line in 2005 as the Super Glide Custom, In 2006, a new Dyna chassis was introduced along with a new six-speed transmission. In the same year, the base FXDI Super Glide became a single-seat motorcycle, the FXDBI Street Bob, a minimal, single seat Dyna Glide motorcycle was added to the lineup, the limited edition FXDI35 35th Anniversary Super Glide was offered, and the FXDX Super Glide Sport was discontinued. In 2007, the Twin Cam 88 engine was replaced by the 1584cc Twin Cam 96 engine across the Harley-Davidson Big Twin lineup, including the FXD series. The 35th Anniversary Super Glide from 2006 became the 2007 Super Glide Custom. In 2008, the production FXDWG Wide Glide was replaced by the FXDF Fat Bob. The Dyna Wide Glide was offered as a limited edition 105th Anniversary model before being retired.

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

SUZUKI BANDIT

The Suzuki Bandit is a series of standard (sometimes called "sport-standard") street motorcycles produced by Suzuki.
The following different models of the bike have been manufactured:
GSF250 with 250cc
GSF400 with 400cc
GSF600N/GSF600S with 599cc (manufactured 1995-2004)
GSF650N/GSF650S with 656cc (manufactured 2005-on)
GSF750 with 748cc (manufactured 1996-1999)
GSF1200/GSF1200S with 1157cc engine (manufactured 1996-on).
GSF1250/GSF1250 ABS with a 1255cc engine (manufactured 2007-on).
All engines are DOHC inline four with 16 valves. 600, 650, 750 and 1200 models employ SACS (Suzuki Advanced Cooling System) cooling that is combined air-cooled and oil-cooled; The 600cc model's engine is taken from the GSX-F 600 and retuned for more midrange. The 1200cc models engine on the other hand is a bored out GSXR 1100 item. The 250 and 400cc models are water-cooled.
For model year 2007, Suzuki abandoned the venerable early GSX-R derived engine in favor of new fuel-injected, liquid-cooled engines. Both 650 and 1250 models now meet euro-3 emission standards.
The 'S' models come with a factory half-fairing, and starting from model year 2000, dual headlights. The base model 'N' is an unfaired "naked" bike with a single headlight.
The Bandit series has traditionally had a reputation as a hooligan bike, due to its budget price, muscle bike looks, and sheer torque (This mostly applies to the 1200 models). With more recent revisions, however, the bike has taken on a more streamlined and modern feel, taking it more towards sports tourer territory. Despite this, the 1200 remains popular with stunt riders, and is a bike of choice for various wheelie schools Bandit 600

1995
The naked GSF600 N Bandit was released in February, available in red and green. It was based on the styling of the pre-existing GSF400 Bandit, with a retuned engine from the GSX600.

1996
The faired Bandit S model was introduced, where the bikini half-fairing had its debut. Available colours were red, forest green and teal green.

1997
Minor changes: A clutch switch (requiring the clutch to be pulled in when starting the motorcycle, for safety reasons) and carburetor heaters. Colours were red, green and black.

1998
The N model had passenger grab rails added. However, the S model had no changes. Both were available in blue, black and maroon and bronze.

1999
Debut of a new rear shock absorber, providing rebound as well as preload adjustment. Colours were blue, black and red.

2000
The first major changes were made this year.
New rear bodywork.
Fully electronic instrumentation.
New carburetors with throttle position sensor.
Additional fuel filter.
Nissin brake calipers.
20 litre fuel tank (up from 19).
Improvements to frame and steering geometry.
Seat height lowered.
S model: New modern styled fairing, with twin headlights.
Colours were blue, black and red.

2002
Fuel gauge now as standard.

2007
Current generation Bandit 650S
A completely new, water-cooled motor was designed specifically for the 2007 Bandit 650, unlike earlier models which used engines re-worked from other models
Meets Euro3 emission standards
656 cc displacement, inline-4 all-aluminum liquid-cooled engine
Electronic Fuel Injection with dual throttle valve system (similar to Suzuki's GSX-R and V-Strom)
ABS available on faired "S" model
Seat and handlebars adjustable for height
Suzuki PAIR (Pulsed AIR) exhaust air injection system
Modified Chassis and Swingarm
Claimed 85hp at 10,500RPM (up 7)
12,500RPM redline
19 liters fuel tank (Same tank as previous model, but roughly 1L is taken by fuel pump)
Hydraulic clutch lever
Available in 4 colours (Pearl Suzuki Deep Blue No.2, Metallic Oort Gray, Pearl Nebular Black, and Candy Sonama Red) Not all colours were available in all countries or on all models.
The 2007 Bandit 650 was reviewed by Bike Magazine as being "de-criminalized" compared to its early brethren, but a good bike for beginners.
Bandit 650 no longer offered in the United States for the 2007 model-year.

2008
Bandit 650 no longer offered in Canada for the 2008 model-year. Replaced by new Bandit-derived fully-faired GSX650F in North-America.

2009
In Nov 2008 it was announced that there would be certain changes to the 2009 GSF650. Changes to both models (naked and half-faired) versions are :
Sleeker headlights
The frame covers are slightly different
Tail lights are slimmer
Exhaust ends are re-shaped
New instrumentation (single housing with anologue tachometer, LCD speedo, fuel gauge, clock, plus gear indicator)
In addition to this, the 650S has a newly styled cowling with stacked high and low beam multi-reflector headlights. The fairing has storage, and newly designed mirrors and indicators.
The 650N has more angular headlights.
The 2009 model will be available in blue, red, grey and black. The engine goes back to black in colour.

Bandit 750
The Bandit 750 was a Japan only model that used parts from both the 600 and 1200 models; the front frame cradle was identical to the 600, the rear subframe was identical to the 1200 with bolt on pillion footpeg handers, the clocks were 1200 items (with the speedo in km/h), including a fuel gauge which was absent from the 600 models of the time. The running gear and suspension were also the same as the 600. The engine, although visually identical to the 600, had a capacity of 748cc, The carburettors were similar to the 600 apart from jetting, whereas the exhaust was identical to the 1200. Power was a claimed 85bhp and strangely no grab rails were fitted as the rear panels lacked holes for fitting them, although the frame had threaded holes for their fitting. All machines were restricted to 180 km/h to comply with Japanese regulations, but are easily de-restricted to a true maximum speed of 220 km/h. Some owners have fitted their machines with fairings from a 1200/600 S model.

Bandit 1200

1996
The first 1200 Bandit models were generally released in January 1996, featuring a retuned and enlarged version of the engine featured in the GSX-R1100. Other differences from the 600 cc models included a fuel gauge, higher specification suspension and larger diameter front brake discs. Also the 1200 Bandit featured a hydraulic clutch. Colours were maroon, green and black. There are some examples of 1995 registered 1200 Bandits. A lot of Suzuki models have the engine size cast into side of the cylinder block, 1200 Bandits(1157cc) do not have this but there are examples of some having 1156cc cast into the block. These were 1995 bikes, apparently early production models.

1997
No changes were made, and the colours available were maroon, black and blue. A version of the S Bandit with anti-lock braking was introduced for certain world markets. The 1997 ABS (anti-skid braking) 1200 Bandit used a 114 link chain as opposed to the standard 110 link chain. Tsubaki Sigma 11,000 psi tensile strength chains are available precut at this length.

1998
No changes. Colours were maroon, black, green and silver.

1999
No changes. Colours were maroon, black, green and additionally brown on the S model.

2000
No changes. Colours were maroon, blue, black, titanium and green/gold.

2001
The 1200 Bandits received a similar revamp to the one the 600 Bandits received the previous year:
New rear bodywork.
Fully electronic instrumentation.
New carburettors.
Suzuki PAIR (Pulsed Air Injection), feeding clean air into the exhaust outlet to help eliminate unburnt fuel from emissions.
Additional fuel filter.
Tokico brake calipers (six pistons at the front).
20 litre fuel tank (up from 19).
Improvements to frame and steering geometry.
Seat height lowered.
S model: New modern styled fairing, with twin headlights.
Colours were blue, black, red and silver.

2004
2004 models added a 2-way catalytic converter (for some markets) to the exhaust system, and minor modifications to the exhaust metalwork.

2006
2006 (K6) models received a revamp with a new shape tank, side panels, a height adjustable seat and a longer swinging arm with a hexagonal cross section. The faired "S" versions also have a new shape fairing and mirrors, totally redesigned headlight system and are available with ABS brakes as an option.

Bandit 1250S

2007
Much like the 650 model, the Bandit 1250S has a water-cooled motor specially designed for the Bandit. The previous 1157 cc air/oil-cooled motor did not meet Euro 3 emissions regulations. While the new 1255 cc engine produces almost identical horse power and torque figures as the old air cooled engine, the big difference is in where in the RPM band peak torque is produced. This 1255 cc engine produces its whopping torque (108Nm) at a low (3750) RPM. That power is sent to the driveline via a new for 2007 six speed constant mesh transmission. Produced in black and blue, it was also available as the 1250SA, this version fitted with ABS.
The autumn saw the introduction of a limited edition Street Fighter, featuring Renthal handlebars, a Yoshimura silencer and a single seat cowling.

2008
No changes from the 2007 model, with the 4 available colours described as "Pearl Nebular Black", "Candy Indi Blue", "Candy Dark Cherry Red" and "Metallic Oort Gray". (Not all colours were available in all countries, or on all models.) The blue and red are slightly different shades to that of the 650S.
The 1250GT is a Grand Touring version. It carries a three-box hard luggage system, has fairing lowers and comes fitted with sat-nav.

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

YAMAHA FZ150i

The Yamaha FZ150i is a small capacity sport bikes made by Yamaha Motor. It was launched in Malaysia on January 2008 at First World Hotel, Genting Highlands as the first completel knocked down (CKD) bike to be fuel-injected in Malaysian motorcycle market. In Indonesia this model known as Yamaha V-Ixion.
In conjunction with the bike launch, the Yamaha FZ150i Enthusiasts Forum also was launched on the 17 March 2008 as an unofficial information center for the Yamaha FZ150i enthusiasts

Marketing
In Malaysia, the FZ150i is locally-assembled at the Hong Leong Yamaha (HLY) plant at Sungai Buloh, Selangor. According to HLY web site, this model is expected to be sold by 500 units a month after the first year of its introduction. Apart from Malaysia, the FZ150i is also available in other Asian countries such as in Singapore and Thailand.

source: www.wikipedia.org

Yamaha Nouvo

The Yamaha Nouvo is a small CVT underbone bodied motorcycle manufactured by Yamaha Motor. It was introduced in April 2002 for Southeast Asia markets and In 2004, Yamaha Motor make a major breakthrough for introduced this model to South America market, which is Brazil and rename it to Yamaha Neo.

2006 Yamaha Nouvo MX
After several research and extensive studies in Asian region, the Nouvo was developed under the model code "AT115" and in April 2002, Yamaha Motor has successfully marketed Yamaha Nouvo in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and other Asean countries.
Yamaha engineers specially developed the frame with the same or higher level of rigidity as a moped bike in order to achieve a moped-like ride and good handling performance but also have the same level of comfort as a scooter. This vehicle is powered by 4-stroke, SOHC 2-valve single-cylinder engine which is characterized by its strong torque in the mid-to low-speed range.

2004
In 2004, the Nouvo has been given an aggressive fecelift by Yamaha team, this includes the headlight which is similar to Yamaha YZF-R1 sport bike. For safety concern, the taillight also has been design with the addition of a retroreflector device. In order to improve stability, front suspension is also has been set-up with new settings. Other cosmetic changes is the body cover and passenger's footrest.
After a huge success in the markets, Yamaha Motor Company in Vietnam has release a special edition model for their market in 2007, this model known as Yamaha Nouvo Limited. It features newly design V-shape headlight and newly body stripes but the engine specification is still remain the same with all Nouvo series that available except for Nouvo Elegance. This model only comes with two colors design - White Wolf and Black Knight.
As 2008, Nouvo is still the best selling moped-like motorcycles in Southeast Asia region especially in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia because of its unique design style that attract many younger people to buy this motorcycles. Literally the word Nouvo or Nouveau in French word means new or fashionable.

2008 Yamaha Nouvo LX-RC
After the successor to the Nouvo, on February 2008. Yamaha Motor Company in Thailand and Vietnam has launch an all new Yamaha Nouvo Elegance (LX in Vietnam) for their markets under the model code "AT135", the major changes in this motorcycle are the engine, the engine power are now has increased from 115cc to 135cc (11 horsepower). In addition, the engine cylinder and forged piston are now made from DiASil (die-cast aluminum cylinder) which is more lightweight while giving it a theorically power-to-weight ratio, to eliminate engine overheating while long journey, liquid-cooled radiator are now installed at the right side of the engine, as a result it giving more performance and reliability to the engine. Cosmetic changes also has been made, this includes the body cover - more sharp edges were added with large seat for comfortable ride. The Nouvo Elegance was also launched in Malaysia on August 2008 with the name "Yamaha Nouvo LC". The Nouvo Elegance model will be released in Brazil on 2009 according to Yamaha.

Main features:
AT135 meter instrumentation
An easy to use SOHC 115cc or 135cc engine with CVT - 4-Stroke engine with environmental friendly to surpass strict emission standards without even using the catalytic converters, these specs will ensure a comfortable ride and lively performance in stop-and-go urban traffic conditions.
BS (Butterfly Slide) type carburettor by Mikuni - The Nouvo uses Mikuni BS25/1 type carburettor for AT115 model to ensure good response, performance and combustion efficiency of the engine. While BS26/1 is used for AT135 model combined with Throttle Position Sensor or TPS system to achieve better fuel economy and good starting performance.
16-inch wheels front and rear - To provide good running performance even on poor road surfaces, this fact is based on extensive studies of conditions of use in the Asean region by Yamaha R&D team.
New-design frame with moped-level rigidity - These design will optimizing the balance of the caster, trail and fork offset so that it can give a great straight-line stability and nimble handling.
Electroluminescence meter panel - The first moped-like motorcycle model (AT135 only) that equip with LCD odometer and LED backlight for more easy reading visibility at night. Its also completed with on-board diagnostics system.

Although Nouvos are not designed to be performance motorcycles nor hold any legitimate racing victories, they have been used for racing ever since their introduction. In 2003, several privateer (also sponsored) motorcycles team in Malaysia entered the Nouvo to compete in Malaysian Cub Prix Championship. In Thailand, the Nouvo is also being raced in underbone drag racing.
In recent years, the Nouvo has rapidly gaining its popularity as a platform for modification and customization (e.g: airbrushing or audio system) by an enthusiast community especially in Thailand and Malaysia. With a huge variety of aftermarket performance parts including racing engine block, racing carburettor and a fine tuning suspension kit to make the Nouvo quicker, its popularity in legal or illegal street racing scene has become a subculture phenomenon, particularly in Southeast Asia country.

source: www.wikipedia.org

DUCATI 996

The Ducati 996 is an Italian street motorcycle manufactured by Ducati from 1999 to 2002. It was based upon the earlier 916.

Versions
From 1999, there were three different models of the 996: a base, or Biposto; the 996S with Öhlins suspension and the engine of the 996SPS and finally the 996R which was the top-of-the line in the 996 range which featured the new 998 cc Testastretta engine.

Improvements
The 996 had larger 98 mm (3.8in) pistons, larger valves, a stronger crankshaft and crankcases ported from the 916 SPS. But since the 916 camshaft gave a softer, less peaky power delivery and less top-end power: 83.5 kW (112 bhp) as against the SPS’s 92.4 kW (124 bhp) the 996 was built with a new air intake system with one fuel injector per cylinder. A new airbox and a distinctive underseat exhaust system were also built into the new design.

The bike
The chassis was also modified but in a much more discreet way - the 916’s handling was already well-regarded. Lighter wheels were introduced along with improved calipers, discs and pads stronger compared to the 916. The suspension system was still the same Showa design but both the front and back were fully adjustable for damping and preload.

Updates
Updates in 2000 saw the wheels change and get updated to all new Marchesini wheels. The front forks were also titanium nitrided to reduce stiction. The spokes also changed from the three-spoke rim style of the 916 to a new five-spoke scheme. In 2001 another overhaul saw the 996 rear shock finally change from a Showa to an Öhlins increasing the 996’s capability even more.

The 996 SPS
The 996SPS suffix stood for ‘Sport Production Special’. The engine was the same as the one used in the 916SPS but the weight was cut down considerably. The 996SPS produced around 92.4 kW (124 bhp), more than the standard 996. The 996’s special SPS engine was much stronger than anything that Ducati or any other manufacturer at the time had produced for the track. To ensure a distance was held between the standard 996 and the 996SPS Ducati designed a much higher specification chassis for the SPS. The wheels were a five spoke design but were lighter than the standard three spoke design of the 916 and the early 996. In 1999 the rear shocks were made by high quality Swedish suspensions manufacturer, Öhlins with Showa front forks. In 2000 Öhlins forks were added. The adjustable steering head also allowed geometry changes to the steel tube trellis frame making it suitable for different riding styles or race tracks.


the 996 R
In 2001 Ducati introduced the limited production (only 500 were built), 996 R, the suffix standing for ‘Racing’, which featured Öhlins suspension (rear and front), carbon fiber bodywork, a revised and more streamlined fairing, but most importantly the newly redesigned engine, the Testastretta (narrow-head) which actually displaced 998cc. The engine got its name from the narrower angle between the intake and exhaust valves, down to only 25 degrees, which was designed by Ing. Marchetti, coming from Ferrari F1. It featured more aggressive camshafts, titanium conrods and a shorter stroke and wider bore, which allowed it to rev more safely at high RPMs. It produced 98.5 kW (135 bhp) at 10,200 RPM with a maximum torque of 105 Nm at 8000 RPM. Most of the chassis was the same as the 996 SPS, but using a new Brembo braking system, with thinner discs and 4-pad, 4-pot calipers with 34mm pistons.

Final updates
As the 996SPS and 996R became a hot commodity, Ducati updated the bike with more advanced chassis parts to make it stay competitive. Most notably the Öhlins front forks featured a titanium nitride coating on the stanchions to minimise stiction. An aluminum rear subframe and other detail modifications reduced the bikes weight even further.



source: http://www.wikipedia.org/

SUZUKI GSX 1300R HAYABUSA

The Suzuki Hayabusa (also known as the GSX1300R in some countries) is a hyper sport motorcycle originally introduced by Suzuki in 1999. It has a 1340 cc (81.7 cu in) inline-4 engine and was consistently tested as the fastest production motorcycle in the world before the 2001 detuning agreement referred below. The 2008 model has a MSRP of US$11,999.
Contents

1999
The name Hayabusa translates directly from the Japanese as Peregrine Falcon, the bird said to be capable of speeds of over 200 mph (322 km/h) — and predator of (perhaps not coincidently) the common blackbird. The name is a subtle reference to Honda's competing Hawk models. When introduced in 1999, it overtook the Honda CBR1100XX Super Blackbird as the fastest production motorcycle. The first generation of the Hayabusa was called the GSX1300R and was powered by a 1299 cc (79.2 cu in) inline-4 liquid-cooled engine. It remained substantially unchanged up through the 2007 model year.
The motorcycle in stock form was capable of the following performance:
1/4 mile (402 m): 10.02 seconds @ 143.7 mph (231 km/h)
60–80 mph: 3.13 seconds
80–100 mph: 3.31 seconds
Top speed: 189.6 mph (305 km/h)
Power: 156.1 hp (116.4 kW) @ 9,500 rpm (rear wheel)

2008
Competition in the hyper sport bike segment increased with the release of motorcycles like the BMW K1200S, Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R, and Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14. This increased competition led to Suzuki heavily revising the GSX1300R for the 2008 model year. Suzuki has dropped the GSX1300R designation in some countries and simply called the motorcycle the Hayabusa. The engine size was increased to 1340 cc (81.7 cu in) with the compression ratio increasing to 12.5:1. The revised engine has a claimed 12% increase in power to 194 hp (145 kW).
Fuel is now fed through a pair of new 44 mm (1.7 in) Suzuki Dual Throttle Valve (SDTV) throttle bodies. The Suzuki Drive Mode Selector (S-DMS), a technology introduced on the GSX-R line of motorcycles, provides three options of power delivery for a range of touring to wide open high performance. Some of the more notable features include a new 4-2-1-2 exhaust system meets Euro 3 and EPA Tier 2 emission regulations, a slipper clutch, and redesigned bodywork.
The motorcycle in stock form is capable of the following performance:
1/4 mile (402 m): 9.75 seconds @ 149.7 mph (241 km/h)
0–60 mph: 2.60 seconds
0–180 mph: 15.9 seconds
Top speed: 186 mph (299 km/h)electronically restricted

Specifications
1999-2007
2008-2009
Engine
1299 cc (79 cu in), 4-stroke, four-cylinder, liquid-cooled, DOHC, 16-valve
1340 cc (82 cu in), 4-stroke, four-cylinder, liquid-cooled, DOHC, 16-valve
Bore Stroke
81.0 x 63.0 mm
81.0 x 65.0 mm
Compression Ratio
11.0:1
12.5:1
Power
151.1 hp (113 kW)
171 hp (128 kW)
Torque
93.4 lb·ft (127 N·m) @ 6750 rpm
102.3 lb·ft (139 N·m)
Fuel System
Keihin/Denso Fuel Injection
Fuel Injection
Lubrication
Wet sump
Ignition
Digital/Transistorized
Transmission
6-speed, constant mesh
Final Drive
#530 chain
Overall Length
2140 mm (84.3 in)
2195 mm (86.4 in)
Overall Width
740 mm (29.1 in)
Overall Height
1155 mm (45.5 in)
1170 mm (46.1 in)
Seat Height
805 mm (31.7 in)
Ground Clearance
120 mm (4.7 in)
Wheelbase
1485 mm (58.5 in)
Dry Weight
218 kg (481 lb)220 kg (485 lb) CA. model
250.5 kg (552 lb)
Suspension Front
Inverted telescopic, coil spring, fully adjustable spring preload, 14-way adjustable rebound damping and 13-way adjustable compression damping
Inverted telescopic, coil spring, fully adjustable spring preload, adjustable rebound damping and adjustable compression damping
Suspension Rear
Link-type, gas/oil damped, fully adjustable spring preload, 22-way adjustable compression & rebound damping
Link-type, gas/oil damped, fully adjustable spring preload, adjustable compression & rebound damping
Brakes Front
6-pot Tokico calipers on 320mm stainless steel discs
Brakes Rear
Single hydraulic disc
Tires Front
120/70-ZR-17
Tires Rear
190/50-ZR-17
Fuel Tank Capacity
21 l (5.5 US gal)19.0 l (5.0 US gal) CA. model
21 l (5.5 US gal)20.0 l (5.3 US gal) CA. model
Colors
1999: Silver/Copper Brown, Black/Gray, Red/Black.2000: Blue/Silver, Red/Silver, Silver.2001: Blue/Silver, Black/Silver.2002: Blue/Black, Silver/Gray, Midnight Black (Limited Edition).2003: Silver/Gray, Black/Gray, Black, Midnight Black (Canadian Limited Edition), Golden Orange (the US 40th Anniversary model).2004: Blue/Silver, Black/Purple, Limited Red2005: Blue/Silver, Black/Gray, Red/Black(New graphics)2006: Blue/Silver, Black/Gray, Red/Black.2007: Black, Red, Blue, White/Sliver (UK Limited Edition)
2008: Orange/Black, Gray/Black, White/Silver, Blue/Black2009: White/Silver, Black/Gray, Gray/Silver, Black/Gold

Controversy

2005 GSX1300R "Hayabusa"
After its introduction, the major Japanese motorcycle manufacturers realized that the power and speed wars among flagship sport bikes would not end and would eventually lead to increased government regulation. For the model years 2001 to current, a timing retard was added in 6th gear, as well as an earlier rev limiter (10200 RPM V.S. 11000 RPM). This limited the top speed from the 1999/2000 model's 198 mph (319 km/h) to a new maximum of 186 mph (299 km/h).

Sales
From its debut in 1999 to June 2007 over 100,000 Hayabusas were sold worldwide. In the United States during the year 2005 over 10,000 units were sold. For 2006 in the US sales of the Hayabusa were twice that of the Kawasaki ZX-14, which was being released that year. And again for the year over 10,000 units were sold in the US
Overall, sales in the US have increased year after year since its release in 1999 until 2006 and went from just a few thousand units in 1999 to over 10,000 in 2006. Worldwide yearly sales statistics are not known.

Other uses
The high-powered lightweight engine in the Hayabusa lends itself to non-motorcycle applications. The Westfield Megabusa is an English sports car, based on the Lotus Seven, which uses the Hayabusa engine. The engine has also been used in Smart two-seater city cars (Smart Diablo), although these have only been experimental conversions, not production models.

source: http://www.wikipedia.org/